Chemistry Vocabulary [A to Z] Part - 2 (51 to 100)

 Chemistry

Vocabulary [A to Z]

Part - 2 (51 to 100)

51. Cohesion

the force that holds together molecules in a solid or liquid

52. Colloid

a mixture with properties between those of a solution and fine suspension

53. Combustion

a reaction of a substance with oxygen to give heat and light

54. Composition

the way in which someone or something is put together

55. Compound

a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements

56. Concentration

the strength of a solution

57. Condensation

process of changing from a gas to a liquid or solid state

58. Conductivity

the property of transmitting heat, electricity, or sound

59. Conductor

a substance that readily serves as a medium for transmission

60. Covalent Bond

a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

61. Crucible

a vessel used for high temperature chemical reactions

62. Crystal

a solid having a highly regular atomic structure

63. Crystalline

consisting of or containing or of the nature of crystals

64. Decomposition Reaction

(chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance

65. Density

the amount per unit size

66. Deposition

the natural process of laying something down

67. Desalination

the removal of salt

68. Diatomic

of or relating to a molecule made up of two atoms

69. Dilution

a solution reduced in strength or concentration

70. Dissolve

pass into a solution

71. Distillation

purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors

72. Dmitri Mendeleev

Russian chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements (1834-1907)

73. Double Bond

a covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

74. Double Replacement Reaction

a chemical reaction between two compounds where the positive ion of one compound is exchanged with the positive ion of another compound

75. Ductile

capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out

76. Electrolysis

(chemistry) a chemical decomposition reaction produced by passing an electric current through a solution containing ions

77. Electron

an elementary particle with negative charge

78. Electronegativity

(chemistry) the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond

79. Element

a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances

80. Empirical Formula

a chemical formula showing the ratio of elements in a compound rather than the total number of atoms

81. Endothermic

occurring or formed with absorption of heat

82. Endothermic Reaction

a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat

83. Energy

any source of usable power

84. Entropy

energy in a system no longer available for mechanical work

85. Enzyme

a complex protein produced by cells that acts as a catalyst

86. Equilibrium

a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates

87. Evaporation

the process of becoming a suspension of particles in the air

88. Exothermic

occurring or formed with the release of heat

89. Exothermic Reaction

a chemical reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat

90. Family

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

91. Fermentation

breaking down an organic substance, as sugar into alcohol

92. First Law Of Thermodynamics

the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes

93. Fission

splitting a massive nucleus with the release of energy

94. Flammable

easily ignited

95. Free Energy

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

96. Freezing

the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid

97. Freezing Point

the temperature below which a liquid turns into a solid

98. Fusion

reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei

99. Gas

state of matter distinguished from solid and liquid states

100. Gay-Lussac'S Law

(physics) the density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the temperature

201. Temperature

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment

202. Test Tube

glass tube closed at one end

203. Thermochemistry

the branch of chemistry that studies the relation between chemical action and the amount of heat absorbed or generated

204. Thermodynamics

physics concerned with heat and other forms of energy

205. Titration

a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete; the concentration of the unknown solution (the titer) can then be calculated

206. Valence

the combining power of an atom or radical

207. Valence Electron

an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules

208. Vaporization

the process of becoming a suspension of particles in the air

209. Viscosity

resistance of a liquid to flowing

210. Volume

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

211. Weight

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

212. Yield

an amount of a product

Boyle’s Law
The volume of gas depends on its temperature and pressure. According to Boyle’s law, the volume (V) of a definite quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure (P), at constant temperature (T).

V œ 1/P (Temperature constant)
V = K/P K = constant
PV = K