Chemistry Vocabulary [A to Z] Part - 4 (151 to 212)

Chemistry

Vocabulary [A to Z]

Part - 4 (151 to 212)

 151. Orbit

the path of an electron around the nucleus of an atom

152. Orbital

relating to the path of one body around another

153. Organic Compound

any compound of carbon and another element or a radical

154. Osmosis

diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane

155. Oxidation

the process by which a substance combines with oxygen

156. Oxidation Number

the degree of oxidation of an atom or ion or molecule

157. Oxidation-Reduction

a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction

158. Oxidize

enter into a combination with oxygen

159. Periodic Law

(chemistry) the principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

160. Periodic Table

arrangement of chemical elements according to atomic number

161. Ph

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

162. Phase

a distinct state of matter in a system

163. Phase Change

a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition

164. Ph Scale

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

165. Physical Change

a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition

166. Physical Property

any property used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions

167. Plasma

a fourth state of matter distinct from solid, liquid or gas

168. Polar

having a pair of equal and opposite charges

169. Polyatomic

of or relating to a molecule made up of more than two atoms

170. Polymer

a naturally occurring or synthetic compound

171. Polymerization

a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound

172. Precipitate

a substance separated from a solution or suspension

173. Precision

the quality of being reproducible in amount or performance

174. Product

a chemical substance formed as a result of a reaction

175. Property

a basic or essential attribute shared by members of a class

176. Proton

a stable particle with positive charge

177. Radiation

energy transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles

178. Radioisotope

a radioactive isotope of an element

179. Reactant

a chemical substance present at the start of a process

180. Reaction

a process in which a substance is changed into another

181. Reagent

a substance for use in chemical reactions

182. Redox

a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction

183. Rusting

the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water

184. Salinity

the relative proportion of salt in a solution

185. Saponification

a chemical reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali (especially the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap)

186. Solid

matter with definite shape at room temperature and pressure

187. Solubility

the quality of being easily dissolved in liquid

188. Solute

the dissolved matter in a solution

189. Solution

a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

190. Solvent

a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances

191. Specific Heat

the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree centigrade

192. State Of Matter

(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container)

193. Stoichiometry

(chemistry) the relation between the quantities of substances that take part in a reaction or form a compound (typically a ratio of whole integers)

194. Stp

standard temperature and pressure

195. Subatomic Particle

a body having finite mass and internal structure but negligible dimensions

196. Sublimation

a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state

197. Subscript

character printed slightly below and to the side of another

198. Substance

a particular kind of matter with uniform properties

199. Surface Tension

phenomenon at a liquid's surface from intermolecular forces

200. Suspension

a mixture in which fine particles are supported by buoyancy

201. Temperature

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment

202. Test Tube

glass tube closed at one end

203. Thermochemistry

the branch of chemistry that studies the relation between chemical action and the amount of heat absorbed or generated

204. Thermodynamics

physics concerned with heat and other forms of energy

205. Titration

a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration is added to a known volume of a second solution until the reaction between them is just complete; the concentration of the unknown solution (the titer) can then be calculated

206. Valence

the combining power of an atom or radical

207. Valence Electron

an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules

208. Vaporization

the process of becoming a suspension of particles in the air

209. Viscosity

resistance of a liquid to flowing

210. Volume

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

211. Weight

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

212. Yield

an amount of a product